discuss的过去式、过去分词和现在分词（中考必备

知识精讲

知识点一字母C （36个）

【知识梳理1】call vt. 称呼 vt. 打电话 n. 电话

【短语】call sb. sth.

call sb. back 给某人回电话

give you a call 给你打一个电话

call on sb.拜访某人

call at s.p.拜访某地

【变形】called 叫作……

【例句】

What do you call him? (疑问词不能用ho) 你叫他什么？

a boy called Tom 一个叫Tom的男孩

【例题精讲】

例1The Great Wall is about 6,300 kilometers long. It is often ______ “The Ten-thousand-Li Great Wall”.

A. calling B. call C. being called D. called

例2The girl_____(call) Annie Frank had her diary published suessfully.

例3Someone _________ (call) the police,I think.You needn’t do that again.

答案D; called；has called

【知识梳理2】calm adj. 平静的 n. 平静 v. 使平静

【短语】 keep/stay calm 保持镇静

calm don 平静下来

【变形】calmly adv. 平静地

【例句】I tried to stay calm and just ignore him.

【例题精讲】1.红色和白色是很好的搭配， 因为强烈的红平衡了平静的白。

Red and hite______________________, as _________________________________

答案is a good match; strong red can balance the calm hite

【知识梳理3】cancel vt. 取消，终止

【变形】过去式cancelled 过去分词cancelled （注意过去式和分词要双写l+ed）

【例句】Would you like to cancel the summer holiday?

【例题精讲】

例1The plan he insisted on __________________ (cancel) at yesterday's meeting.

例2.I don't kno the petition of model planes________(cancel) the other day.

答案as cancelled；as cancelled

【知识梳理4】capital n. 首都

【短语】the capital of … ……的首都

【例句】Is Tokyo the capital of Japan?

【例题精讲】Beijing is the ________(首都) of China and there are many places of interest there.

答案capital

【知识梳理5】care vi. 关心，关注 n. 关心

【变形】careful adj. 小心的，认真地 carefully adv. 认真地，仔细地

careless adj. 粗心的 carelessly adv. 粗心地

carelessness n. 粗心

【短语】 care about 关心，在意

care for =take care of/look after 照顾

take care of 照顾

【例句】 As e all kno, a careless driver is alays a danger to the public.

【例题精讲】

例1Mike does his homeork as __________ (care) as Jim. They alays make a lot of mistakes.

例2Many aidents happened because of people’s ________ (粗心).

例3: Mother as very angry because I rote (care).

答案carelessly; carelessness; carelessly

【知识梳理6】carry vt

【短语】carry on 继续开展，继续下去

carry out 开展，执行

【例句】

Gina as carrying a small bunch of floers. 吉娜拿着一小束花。

Angela carried the child in her arms. 安杰拉把小女孩抱在怀里。

Let me carry that for you. 让我帮你拿吧。

【例题精讲】

例1 The bag is ______ heavy for me ______.

A. so; to carry it B. too; to carry it C. too; to carry D. enough; to carry it

例2你们还需要什么来继续你们的手术呢？

What _____________________________________ ?

例3The strong postman put the heavy box full of letters on the ground and ________ (carry) it to the office.

例4________ your mother often_______ (carry) your school bag for you last year? Yes, she did.

答案C; else did you need to carry on ith your operation?; carried; Did;carry

【知识梳理7】cause n. 原因；事业；目标 vt. 引起，导致

【短语】the cause of=the reason for ……的原因/起因

cause sth =lead to sth 导致某事

cause sb/sth to do sth 使某人去做某事

【例句】Smoking is the main cause of lung disease.

Bad eather has caused a lot of problems on the roads.

What caused you to change your mind?

【例题精讲】

例1-Do you kno hat_______(cause) him to miss the important meeting? -Repairing a ne machine.

答案caused

【知识梳理8】centre n. 中央；中心 vi. 以…为中心

【变形】central adj. 中央的

【短语】 in the centre of 在…….中心 centre on 以……为中心

【例句】The hotel is right in the centre of the village.

Much of their ork is centred on local development projects.

【例题精讲】

例1This is the __________(center) task that e have to plete first.

例2 He used to live in London but no he is planning to live in the countryside．(centre)

答案central; central

【知识梳理9】certain adj. 确定的 pron. 某些；某几个

【变形】certainly adv 必定；无疑 uncertain adj. 确定的；无疑的 uncertainly adv.不稳定的

【短语】It is certain that…. 确定的是

be certain of/about sth

be certain to do sth

make certain

【例句】I felt certain that I’d passed the test.

【例题精讲】

例1______（无疑），you ill be suessful some day.

答案Certainly

【知识梳理10】challenge n. 挑战（可数）

【变形】challenging adj. 有挑战性的

【短语】take on ne challenges 承担新挑战

【知识梳理11】change vt. 改变 n. 改变（可数） n. 零钱（不可数）

【短语】change a lot 改变很多

changes in numbers 数量上的变化

change…into…= turn…into 把……变成

change one’s mind 改变……的主意

【例句】When I lost my keys, e had to change all the locks.

There as a change for the better in the patient’s condition.

Changzhou has changed a lot over the years.

Here’s your change.

【例题精讲】

例1. __________ the area ___________(change) over the years?

例2 It is not ise of young people to _______ their jobs from time to time. (changeable)

例3What?You are Jenny,my old friend?Why_______you_________(change)so much?You are so different from ten years ago.

例4我宁愿保持沉默也不愿意在很多方面改变我的日常生活。

I ould rather ______________________________________________.

答案Has;changed;to change; have; changed; keep silent than change my daily life in many ays

【知识梳理12】cheer vi. 欢呼

【变形】cheerful adj. 兴高采烈的 cheerless adj 无精打采的

【短语】cheer for 为……加油 cheer up 使……振奋

【例句】They cheered up hen they sa us ing along.

Everybody cheered hen the firemen arrived.

【例题精讲】

例1Orange can ______ you ______ hen you are feeling sad.

A.cheer, up B.cheer, on C.take, up D.take, on

例2什么会使他振作起来，当他陷入麻烦的时候？

____________________________________________________?

答案A; What ill cheer him up hen he gets into trouble?

【知识梳理13】choose vt. 选择

【变形】choose-chose-chosen

choice n. 选择（可数）

【短语】choose to do 选择做某事 被动语态sb be chosen to do sth 某人被挑选去做某事

choose sb. as 选择某人担当……

have no choice but to do别无选择只能做某事

【例题精讲】

例1 那时，我除了更好地安排时间别无选择。

I ________________________________________________________________________ at that time.

例2Who do you think_______(choose)to announce the results of the aards if Andy is absent.

例3When you have the __________ (选择)of being right or being kind, choose kind.

例4I ant to buy some presents for all my family, but I ________(not choose) any yet.

例5 Darunfa Supermarket has large __________ (choose) of all the things e need in everyday life, from tasty

答案had no choice but to manage time better; ill be chosen; choices; haven’t chosen; choices

【知识梳理14】close vt. 关闭 adj. 近的，亲密的 adv. 近的（形象的）

【变形】closed adj. 关着的

closely adv. 密切地，亲密地（抽象的）

【短语】 be close to take a close look at

sit close to ork closely ith

【例句】

Come a little closer, so you can see better.

If you need to buy bread or milk, the closest shop is about a mile aay.

【例题精讲】

例1Tom orks so _________ (close) ith Jerry that they can get along ell ith each other.

例2Jim sat________to his mother ith his eyes half_______.They really enjoyed the sunny relaxing afternoon.

A.closely;open B.close;opened C.closely;opening D.close;closed

例3It should be knon to all that economic progress is _______ (close) connected ith educational development.

例4 We alays find that the policemen atch __________(close) the traffic.

例5 Who is your (close) friend of all at school at present? Liu Mei is.

答案closely; D; closely; closely; closest

【知识梳理15】collect vt. 收集，搜集

【变形】 collection n. 收集物

【例句】The party depends on hether or not e can collect enough money.

He presented his hole collection of books to the library.

【例题精讲】

例1My cousin John is very interested in ________(收集) stamps.

例2Bob likes to_________ (收集) train tickets and he keeps them in a yello box.

答案collecting; collecting

【知识梳理16】e v. 来；来到；实现

【变形】ing adj. 即将到来的

【短语】e其他短语

e on 得了吧，快点，加油（表鼓励，催促等语气）

e across 偶遇

e up ith 想出 = think out/ork out

e out（花）开；出来；出版

e over 顺便拜访

e true 梦想; 成真

e up ith 想出，提起

e don 崩塌

【例题精讲】

例1In yesterday’s Geography class,did the fact that Christmas ________(e) in summer in Australia really surprise those lovely children?

例2你真有创造力，想出这个好主意。

It is ____________________________________this good idea.

例3–What are your plans for the ______(e) inter holiday?

–I ill spend more time on my eak subjects.

例4-His ne book about his relationship and his son _______(e) out.

例5We ere happy because our dream _______(e) true at last.

答案es; really creative of you to e up ith; ing; has e; came

【知识梳理17】fortable adj. 舒服的

【变形】unfortable adj. 不舒服的

fortably adv. 舒服地

【例句】Sit don and make yourself fortable

The hotel as very fortable.

【例题精讲】

例1I don’t think it is the (fort) colour for eyes of the three colours.

例2Ton Cinema has _________(fort) seats than Guangming Cinema.

例3 Ho (fortable) the tourists found it to sit on the grass after alking for a day!

答案most fortable; more fortable; fortably

【知识梳理18】mon adj. 普通的，平常的

【短语】mon sense 常识

a mon man 普通人

have something/nothing in mon 有相同之处

【辨析】normal adj. 正常的 usual 通常的 ；惯常的

【例句】I found I had a lot in mon ith these people.

Foxes are mon in the area.

【例题精讲】

例1They are all examples of __________ (普通的) people ho became suessful.

例2Generally speaking, excellent learners have some good habits in________(相同).

答案mon; mon

【知识梳理19】pare vt. 比较

【变形】pared 比较的；对照的 parison n. 比较

【短语】pare A to B 把A比作B

pare A ith B 把A与B做比较

Compared ith A, B ….. 与A相比，B……

make/dra a parison 进行比较

pare notes 交换意见

【例句】Ho does your bike pare ith mine?

【例题精讲】

例1 _______ (比较)your ansers ith those in your book to see if they are right.

例2________(比较) ith life on Earth, life on Mars ill be better in many ays.

例3In order to prevent the parents ___________ (比较) their children unreasonably, the school didn't encourage them to pay much attention to the result of the exam.

答案Compare; Compared; paring

【知识梳理20】plain vi. 抱怨

【变形】plaint n. 抱怨，投诉

【短语】plain about sth. to sb. 向某人抱怨某事 plaint letter 投诉信

【例句】Neighbours plained to the police about the dogs barking.

【例题精讲】

例1你经常向你的父母抱怨你的学校生活吗？

Do you often ____________________________________________________?

例2The tins ___________(plain) about their meals at school right no.

答案do you often plain to your parents about your school life； are plaining

【知识梳理21】 plete vt. 完成 adj. 完全的，彻底的

【变形】 inplete 不完全的 pletely adv. 完全地，彻底地

【短语】plete doing 完成做某事

【例句】This is a plete aste of time .

The child’s task as to plete the sentences.

【例题精讲】

例1 Look at the to boys．They look （完全地）the same.

例2The invention he has devoted his hole life to ___________ (plete) suessfully if more money is spent on them in the future.

答案pletely; ill be pleted;

【知识梳理22】 municate vt. 交流，交际

【变形】munication n. 交流，交际

【短语】 municate ith sb. 与某人交流

【例句】Parents sometimes find it difficult to municate ith their teenage children.

【例题精讲】

例11. The mobile phone is an important ay to _____________(munication) ith each other.

例2I am in (municate) ith him on this subject.

答案municate; munication

【知识梳理23】 petition n. 竞赛，比赛，竞争

【变形】pete v. 比赛；竞争 petitor n.竞争者

【短语】pete ith/against sb pete in sth

【例句】Ho many runners ill be peting in the marathon?

He ill be peting against the orld’s best.

【例题精讲】

例1 It as brave of her to join such difficult ________(pete).

答案petitions

【知识梳理24】confident adj. 有信心的

【变形】confidence n. 信心

【短语】have confidence in sb/sth 信任某人/某事物

lose (your) confidence 失去信心

be full of confidence 充满自信

【例句】He’d been out of ork for six months and had lost all his confidence.

The people no longer have any confidence in their government.

【例题精讲】

例1In order to finish the task, you have to build up ______(自信).

例2I’m _________ (自信的) that I can ork out the hard maths problem.

答案confidence; confident

【知识梳理25】connect vt. 连接

【短语】

connect sth. to/ith sth. 把……连接到……/把……与……连接起来

【例题精讲】

动词填空注意谓语非谓语，主动与被动

The puter is connected to the Inter. (谓语被动)

The railay connects Shanghai to Nanjing. (谓语主动)

The railay connecting Shanghai to Nanjing has been in use. (非谓语主动)

The puter connected to the Inter is Jim’s. (非谓语被动)

例1.—Do you think it is orth ______(连接) my atch to the Inter?

例2____________ (connect) hat you read ith hat you have learnt, and you may understand the article easily.

例3 I hear they ill build a railay _________ Jintan _________ the cities in Changjiang Delta (长江三角洲) in the folloing years.

A. connect; to B. connected; ith C. connects; to D. connecting; ith

例4 The bridge _________ (connect) the to tons together ill be built in 5 years.

例5It is reported that our government ill build an intercity railay __________ Jintan _________ the cities in Changjiang Delta in the folloing years.

A. connect; to B. connected; ith C. connects; to D. connecting; ith

答案connecting; Connect; D; connecting; D

【知识梳理26】consider vt. 考虑

【变形】consideration n. 考虑

【短语】consider sb. as …. 认为某人是（注意被动 sb. be considered as ….)

consider doing sth. 考虑做某事

【例句】We’re still considering here to move to.

They consider themselves to be Europeans.

【例题精讲】

例1Why not consider __________ (do) it in another ay? Maybe you’ll sueed.

例2Stephen Haking __________ (consider) to be ‘the greatest scientist in history’, along ith Isaac Neton and Albert Einstein.

例3Qian Xuesen __________ (consider) as “ Father of Missile(导弹)in China”.

答案doing; is considered; is considered

【知识梳理27】control n. 控制 vt. 控制

【变形】 过去式controlled 过去分词controlled（注意过去式，过去分词，现在分词要双写尾字母）

【短语】out of control 失控

lose control 失去控制

beyond my control超出我的控制

【例句】His son is being trained to take control of the family business.

【例题精讲】

例1__________ (控制) the temperature is very important to this plant I summer.

例2You ill make yourself get into trouble ithout _____________ (control) your feelings ell.

例3The survey shos that fe people believe robots __________ (control) our pla one day.

例4Was the modern robot these scientists devoted themselves to __________ (control) properly ith the help of the puter system at last.

例5 __________ (控制) the temperature is very important to this plant I summer.

答案: Controlling; controlling; ill control; controlled; Controlling

【知识梳理28】correct adj. 正确的

【变形】correctly正确地 incorrect 不正确的 incorrectly不正确地

【例句】

【例题精讲】

例1You ill get a point every time you anser a question ________(正确地)．

例2 Jack finds it difficult to pronounce some English ords ________. (correct)

例3To sing an English song ______ (正确地), I listen to the CD again and again, and check every ord in the dictionary.

例4: The questions are so easy that fe students ansered them __________（correct）.

答案correctly; correctly; correctly; incorrectly

【知识梳理29】cost vt. 花费 n. 费用，成本

【短语】 the cost of ……的费用

【例句】A ne kitchen ill cost you a lot of money.

【辨析】

take 句型sth./Doing sth. take sb. some time. It take sb. some time to do sth.(主语必须是事情或者物，只能花时间）

spend 句型 sb. spend some time/money (in) doing sth.

sb. spend some time/money on sth. (主语必须是人，既能花钱又能花时间）

cost 句型sth./Doing sth. take sb. some money. It cost sb. some money to do sth. (主语必须是事情或者物，只能花钱）

pay 句型sb. pay some money for sth. (主语必须是人，只能花钱）

【例题精讲】

例1Mrs Lee is a moonlite (月光族). She _____ all her money in the first to eeks of a month, and after that she even can't _____ for a meal sometimes.

A. spends; spend B. pays; pay C. pays; spend D. spends; pay

例2 The stamp I bought yesterday (花费) me 20 yuan.

答案 D; cost

【知识梳理30】couple n. 几个，一对，夫妻

【短语】a couple of + 可数名词复数

注意couple做主语表示一对夫妻，谓语动词不用三单。

【例句】The couple are doing houseork no.

There are a couple of girls aiting for you.

【知识梳理31】courage n. 勇气（不可数名词）

【变形】encourage vt. 鼓励 have the courage to do sth 有勇气去做某事

【短语】encourage sb. to do sth.

【例句】Sue shoed great courage throughout her illness.

【例题精讲】

例1Sue alays has great ___________ (勇气) to face difficulties and that’s hy e all respect her.

例2Do you think it a aste of time (劝告) people to form a habit of learning latest information through reading dailies.

例3课堂中，老师经常鼓励孩子们编他们自己的对话。

In class, the teacher often_________________________________________.

例4Teenagers should be _____(鼓励) to learn and spread Chinese traditional culture.

答案courage; to encourage; encourages children to make up their on dialogues.

【知识梳理32】cover n. 封面，盖子 vt. 覆盖； 报道；包含，涉及；走过多少路程

【变形】discover vt. 发现 discovery n. 发现

【短语】cover …. ith

be covered in/ith

be covered live

cover…live 现场直播

【例句】I read the magazine from cover to cover (= all of it )

Dan covered his face ith his hands

【知识梳理33】create vt. 创造

【变形】creative adj. 有创造力的 creation n. 创造物

【例句】Her behaviour is creating a lot of problems.

The ne factory is expected to create more than 400 ne jobs.

【例题精讲】

例1Some people believe that God ______(create) the orld.

例2When I sa her just no, she _____________ (create) a file.

例3It is __________（create）of you to e up ith so many good ideas.

答案creates; as creating; creative

【知识梳理34】cross vt. 穿过，从表面横穿过

【变形】crossing n. 十字路口 across prep. 横穿；横过

【短语】cross=go across 穿过；横穿

【例题精讲】

例1在交通灯处过马路，你就会在街角看到一个超市。

______________________________, you ill see a supermarket __________________.

例2Please be careful hen___________ (cross) a busy road.

例3—Excuse me, ho can I get to the post office?

—Go _________ the street and turn left. Walk __________ the museum, and you ill see it.

A. along, over B. across; past C. past; to D. cross; past

答案Cross the road at the traffic lights; in the corner; crossing; B

【知识梳理35】croded adj. 拥挤的

【变形】crod vi. 拥挤 n. 人群

【短语】more and more croded 越来越拥挤

a croded room 拥挤的房间

the crod （作主语时,谓语动词用复数）

be croded ith 挤满了

【例句】The train as very croded, and e had to stand.

【知识梳理36】cut vt. 剪下，切下 n. 伤口；切口；削减；

【变形】cut-cut-cut

【短语】cut don 砍树 cut out 剪下 cut into 切成……

cut in 打断，插嘴

cut…short 缩短

【例句】They cut the cake in to and ate half each.

【例题精讲】

例1He regretted ____________ (cut) his journey to Ice Island short because of the business trade.

答案to cut

巩固练习

一 写出下列所有的词性转换

calm : _______ adv. 平静地

care: _________adj. 小心的，认真的 ________ adv. 认真地，仔细地__________ adj. 粗心的__________ adv. 粗心地 ___________ n. 粗心

centre: ____________adj. 中央的

certain:___________adv. 必定地 ____________ adj.不确定的 __________adv. 不确定地

challenge:_____________ adj. 有挑战性的

cheer:___________ adj. 兴高采烈的__________adj. 无精打采的

choose: ___________ n. 选择（可数）

close:________ adv. 近的（形象的）________ adv. 密切地，亲密地（抽象的）

collect : _________ n. 收集物

e:_________ adj. 即将到来的

fortable:____________ adj. 不舒服的________ adv. 舒服地

plain: ________ n. 抱怨，投诉

plete:_________ adj. 不完全的 ______ adv.不完全地 _______ adv. 完全地，彻底地

municate: __________ n. 交流，交际

pete: _________ n. 竞赛，比赛____________n. 竞争者

confident: ___________ n. 信心

consider: __________ n. 考虑；认为

correct: _______ adv. 正确地 _________ adj. 不正确的___________ adv. 不正确地

courage: __________ vt. 鼓励

create_________adj. 有创造力的 ________ n. 创造物

cross: ________ n. 十字路口

croded: ________vi. 拥挤

答案calmly; careful; carefully; careless; carelessly; carelessness; central; certainly; uncertain; uncertainly; challenging; cheerful; cheerless; choice; close; closely; collection; ing; unfortable; fortably; plaint; inplete; inpletely; pletely; munication; petition; petitor; confidence; consideration; correctly; incorrect; incorrectly; encourage; creative; creation; crossing; crod;

二、根据句子意思，用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，每空填一词。

1. 1.Tom’s father as so angry that he punished him for his ________ (careless).
2. 2. China ill prepare timetables and road maps for the ________ (e) years for the “One Belt and One Road” project.
3. 3. Don’t orry. Your mother ill _________ (必定地) e and pick you up.
4. 4. What the poor family could serve as _________ (一般的) vegetable soup.
5. 5. Many teenagers have little __________ （交流）ith their parents.
6. 6.I don’t like that my mother alays _________ (比较) me ith my classmates.
7. 7.To my surprise, the 3-year-old boy can spell those ords ________________ (正确地).
8. 8. Sue alays has great ______________ (勇气) to face difficulties and that’s hy e all respect her.
9. 9. We’d better kno more about __________(顾客) likes and dislikes. That ill be of help.
10. 10. You should depend on yourself. It’s you ho make final _________ (decide).
11. 11. Could you mind a list of these ______(direct)films?
12. 12. I’ll sho them to you .When a strong ind came from the northest, the heavy smoggy(雾霾的) air over our city began to _________ (appear).
13. 13.What’s the result of your ____________ (discuss)? I ould like to hear your thoughts.
14. 14. Are you crazy? Ho do you _______________ (胆敢)to do so?
15. 15. Quite a lot of teenagers have no idea ho to____（处理）ith stress．
16. 16.When you try to get a good job, you ill be at a big _______ if you don’t go to a good university.（劣势）

答案carelessness; ing; certainly; mon; munication; pares; correctly; courage; customers’; decisions; directors’; disappear; discussion; dare;deal; disadvantages